Edfu (Idfu) – Temple of Horus

The arcades of the columns are decorated with numerous reliefs with the rulers making sacrifices to the gods.
On the west side you can see King Ptolemy IX Soter in front of Horus, Hathor and Ihy, and on the eastern side, Ptolemy X Alexander pays tribute to the Edfu triad. On both sides of the courtyard, under the arcades, at the height of the facade of the temple, there are two gates leading to the corridor between the tabernacle and the inner wall surrounding the sacred complex. Before the façade of the hypostyle hall, there used to be two granite figures of falcons-Horus in the double crowns of Lower and Upper Egypt.
The facade of the temple is made up of six columns connected in the lower part by screen walls. They are decorated with images honoring Horus and Hathor. Screen walls, columns with rich capitals and a pierced lintel above the main entrance are characteristic features of the architecture of the Ptolemaic period. The first hypostyle hall with 12 with huge columns it plays the role of a pronaos. It dates from the time of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (145-116 p.n.e.), who, because of his education, was nicknamed Philologos, and because of the posture – Fyskon (Fatty). The reliefs on the walls depict the ceremony of laying the cornerstone at the construction of the temple. There is also a ritual of sacred purification of the ruler and consecration of the completed building to the cult of Horus. Some of the reliefs, depicting the veneration of Horus and images of the ithiphysic god Min, they were destroyed in late antiquity by Christian iconoclasts. The hall on the east side is a former temple library with numerous niches on the walls for collecting papyrus scrolls. The library was guarded by the goddess Seszat, magazine babysitters. A small room in the western part was devoted to the celebrant's preparations for the celebration of the sacred rites.

There is a second one behind the hypostyle, smaller hypostyle hall, also known as the Christmas Hall, propped 12 columns with flower heads with clearly visible traces of polychrome. From here leads the way to the well known as the Nile Hall, where the priest performed cleansing rites using the holy water from the river, as well as the passage around the temple. The oldest part of the temple begins from the second hypostyle hall, the construction of which began in 237 r. p.n.e. Ptolemeusz III. He finished it after 25 his son, Ptolemy IV Philopator (Loving the Father). At the western wall of the hypostyle hall, there is a door leading to the Sacrifice Room, which did not deteriorate. Other gifts, such as food and drink, and sacrificial animals, were brought in through the passage in the wall. Right next to the gift room, a door leads to a small studio, whose walls are covered with perfume recipes, oils and ointments for the daily anointing of the statue of Horus. Eastern, one of the two staircases runs along the right side (242 degrees) on the roof of the sanctuary. The walls are covered with reliefs depicting the sacred ritual. Behind the second hypostyle hall opens the Hall of Sacrifice (The Gift Room), also known as the Sacrificial Table Hall. It is accessed by a gate decorated with reliefs with the ceremonial shoulders of Horus and Hathor.
From here, on the west side, there are stairs that are not always accessible to visitors. It was through this staircase that during the New Year's celebration the celebrants in procession carried the statue of Horus to the roof., so that God can renew his vitality. The procession left the vestibule, heading east, on the Outdoor Sunny Courtyard, in front of the little New Year's Chapel.
The ceiling of the chapel is covered with a blue starry sky and an image of the goddess Nut and scenes of the solar barge's journey through 12 hours of the day. Chapel, also called wabt - "clean place", it served as the cooking room of the deity, which were anointed here before leaving the temple, They were dressed and adorned with appropriate crowns and amulets.
Under the image of the stars, a statue was prepared to travel to the roof. The vestibule opens onto the most sacred part of the temple – The Hall of the Great Nine of Gods (The Great Ogdoada Hall), in the center of which stands a four-meter dark-gray syenite naos with a cartouche of King Nektanebo II with approx.. 360 r. p.n.e.
This is the oldest item in the temple, moved from an older building. In front of the nave, a replica of the ceremonial barge has been placed, in which the statue traveled. The walls of the sanctuary are covered with faintly visible reliefs, where Ptolemy IV Philopator honors Horus, Hathor and his deified parents. Under the most holy place there are underground crypts.
The Sanctuary of Horus is surrounded by chapels separated by an internal corridor. On the left is a small chapel dedicated to the Mine with reliefs of the god on the walls. Next is (from left): Sala Lnu, where the deity's clothes were kept, Hall of the Throne of the Gods, The Osiris Room and the connected Osiris Tomb and the Western Room, with colorful reliefs depicting Horus receiving gifts, Winner's Hall (Horus over Set), The Khonsu Room connected to the Hathor Room, King Throne Room, The Hall of the Unfolded Wings, where Horus was worshiped, in the form of the winged solar disk and the lion-headed goddess Mehit, guarding souls on their way to the Underworld, further Sunny Courtyard with a passage to the New Year's Chapel. The purpose of each of the chapels can be read from the reliefs and inscriptions supplementing the iconographic message on the bas-reliefs.
From the second hypostyle hall, the door leads to an open corridor between the temple proper and the outer wall. The outer walls of the sanctuary and the district wall are decorated with reliefs and inscriptions explaining the course of religious rituals. These are the so-called Building Texts. The nilometer is still open on the eastern side of the corridor, from where the ancient priests got the holy water used for the purification ceremony. Images of the god Hapa surround him. On the west side of the temple, in the corridor, reliefs depicting the adoration and triumph of Horus-Sokot have been preserved (Divine Falcon procession), his trip by solar barge, as well as the traditional struggle between Horus and Set, killer of Osiris.
This story depicts the defeated Seth as a harpoon-pierced hippo of Horus. From the corridor, you can enter the hypostyle hall back, and by walking along the walls of the temple, comes to the main courtyard.

Mammisi – There is a mammisi standing in front of the Great Pylon, or the temple of birth, playing an important role in the rites of the meeting of Horus with Hathor and in worshiping the birth of their son. In mammisi, divine childhood was worshiped, sterile women desiring children also came here, pregnant women and mothers of babies. This is evidenced by the images of the god Bes - Karl, preserved on the capitals, caregiver for pregnant and giving birth, the giver of family happiness.